feat: add Hermit unikernel backend support

.github/contributors.yaml

@@ -80,3 +80,6 @@ users:
   praffq-dev:
     name: Prafful
     email: praffq.dev@gmail.com
+  jim-junior:
+    name: Beingana Jim Junior
+    email: jimjunior854@gmail.com

README.md

@@ -139,13 +139,14 @@ At the moment, `urunc` is available on GNU/Linux for x86\_64 and arm64 architect
 In addition, the following table provides an overview of the currently
 supported VM/Sandbox monitors and unikernels:
 
-| Unikernel  | VM/Sandbox Monitor         | Arch         | Storage                                 |
-|----------- |--------------------------- |------------- |------------------------------           |
-| Rumprun    | Solo5-hvt, Solo5-spt       | x86,aarch64  | Block/Devmapper                         |
-| Unikraft   | QEMU, Firecracker          | x86          | Initrd, 9pfs                            |
-| MirageOS   | QEMU, Solo5-hvt, Solo5-spt | x86,aarch64  | Block/Devmapper                         |
-| Mewz       | QEMU                       | x86          | In-memory                               |
-| Linux      | QEMU, Firecracker          | x86          | Initrd, Block/Devmapper, 9pfs, Virtiofs |
+| Unikernel | VM/Sandbox Monitor         | Arch        | Storage                                 |
+| --------- | -------------------------- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
+| Rumprun   | Solo5-hvt, Solo5-spt       | x86,aarch64 | Block/Devmapper                         |
+| Unikraft  | QEMU, Firecracker          | x86         | Initrd, 9pfs                            |
+| MirageOS  | QEMU, Solo5-hvt, Solo5-spt | x86,aarch64 | Block/Devmapper                         |
+| Mewz      | QEMU                       | x86         | In-memory                               |
+| Linux     | QEMU, Firecracker          | x86         | Initrd, Block/Devmapper, 9pfs, Virtiofs |
+| Hermit    | QEMU                       | x86         | Initrd                                  |
 
 We plan to add support for more unikernel frameworks and other platforms too.
 Feel free to [contact](#Contact) us for a specific unikernel framework or similar

docs/Sample-images.md

@@ -50,3 +50,4 @@ We plan to create and maintain multi-platform images soon, as well as enrich thi
 - harbor.nbfc.io/nubificus/urunc/whoami-firecracker-linux-initrd:latest
 - harbor.nbfc.io/nubificus/urunc/busybox-qemu-linux-raw:latest
 - harbor.nbfc.io/nubificus/urunc/busybox-firecracker-linux-raw:latest
+- harbor.nbfc.io/nubificus/urunc/hello-world-qemu-hermit-initrd:latest

docs/hypervisor-support.md

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ Supported unikernel frameworks with `urunc`:
 - [MirageOS](../unikernel-support#mirage)
 - [Mewz](../unikernel-support#mewz)
 - [Linux](../unikernel-support#linux)
+- [Hermit](../unikernel-support#hermit)
 
 An example unikernel:
 

docs/index.md

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ Sandbox monitors, along with the unikernels that can run on top of them.
 | [MirageOS](./unikernel-support#mirage)| [Qemu](./hypervisor-support#qemu), [Solo5-hvt](./hypervisor-support#solo5-hvt), [Solo5-spt](./hypervisor-support#solo5-spt) | x86, aarch64          | Block/Devmapper |
 | [Mewz](./unikernel-support#mewz)| [Qemu](./hypervisor-support#qemu) | x86 | In-memory |
 | [Linux](./unikernel-support#linux)| [Qemu](./hypervisor-support#qemu), [Firecracker](./hypervisor-support#aws-firecracker) | x86, aarch64 | Initrd, Block/Devmapper, 9pfs, Virtiofs |
+| [Hermit](./unikernel-support#hermit)| [Qemu](./hypervisor-support#qemu) | x86 | Initrd |
 
 <!-- ## urunc and the CNCF -->
 

docs/unikernel-support.md

@@ -342,6 +342,46 @@ An example of a Redis alpine image transformed to a block file on top of
 sudo nerdctl run --rm -ti --runtime io.containerd.urunc.v2 harbor.nbfc.io/nubificus/urunc/redis-firecracker-linux-block:latest
 ```
 
+## Hermit
+
+[Hermit](https://hermit-os.org/) is a unikernel designed for scalable
+ and predictable runtime for high-performance and cloud computing.
+Its a Rust re-write of the Hermit-Core unikernel inorder to laverage the
+memory/thread-safety guarantees provided by the Rust ownership model.
+
+The Hermit unikernel provides support for multiple compiled languages which
+include Rust, C, C++, Go and Fotran. Hermit OS applications are compiled
+into a unikernel image that includes both the application and the operating system.
+When the unikernel boots, the application starts execution immediately.
+
+Hermit OS provides support for multithreading, networking, and basic system
+interfaces. It is particularly well-suited for cloud and microservice
+environments where lightweight isolation is required.
+
+### VMMs and other sandbox monitors
+
+Hermit OS unikernels run on top of the [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/) virtual machine monitor.
+It supports standard virtualization interfaces such as virtio devices for networking.
+
+When executed with [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/), Hermit can access the network through
+a `virtio-net` device. Storage support depends on the configuration of the unikernel image. Hermit unikernels support both `virtio-fs` and `initrd`.
+
+### Hermit and `urunc`
+
+In the case of Hermit, `urunc` provides support for running unikernels on
+top of QEMU. If the container is configured with network access, `urunc` will
+attach a `virtio-net` device to enable networking for the Hermit OS unikernel.
+
+For more information on packaging
+[Hermit](https://hermit-os.org/) unikernels for `urunc` take
+a look at our [packaging](../package/) page.
+
+An example of running a Hermit unikernel with `urunc`:
+
+```bash
+sudo nerdctl run --rm -ti --runtime io.containerd.urunc.v2 harbor.nbfc.io/nubificus/urunc/hello-world-qemu-hermit-initrd:latest
+```
+
 ## Future unikernels and frameworks:
 
 In the near future, we plan to add support for the following frameworks:

pkg/unikontainers/unikernels/hermit_rs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026, Nubificus LTD
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package unikernels
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/urunc-dev/urunc/pkg/unikontainers/types"
+)
+
+const HermitUnikernel string = "hermit"
+
+type Hermit struct {
+	Command string
+	Monitor string
+	Net     HermitNet
+}
+
+type HermitNet struct {
+	Address string
+	Mask    int
+	Gateway string
+}
+
+func (h *Hermit) CommandString() (string, error) {
+	kernelArgs := make([]string, 0, 2)
+
+	if h.Net.Address != "" {
+		kernelArgs = append(kernelArgs, fmt.Sprintf("ip=%s/%d", h.Net.Address, h.Net.Mask))
+	}
+	if h.Net.Gateway != "" {
+		kernelArgs = append(kernelArgs, fmt.Sprintf("gateway=%s", h.Net.Gateway))
+	}
+
+	args := strings.Join(kernelArgs, " ")
+	appArgs := strings.TrimSpace(h.Command)
+
+	switch {
+	case args != "" && appArgs != "":
+		return args + " -- " + appArgs, nil
+	case args != "":
+		return args, nil
+	default:
+		return appArgs, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Hermit) SupportsBlock() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (h *Hermit) SupportsFS(fsType string) bool {
+	return fsType == "initrd"
+}
+
+func (h *Hermit) MonitorNetCli(ifName string, mac string) string {
+	switch h.Monitor {
+	case "qemu":
+		netdev := fmt.Sprintf(" -netdev tap,id=net0,ifname=%s,script=no,downscript=no", ifName)
+
+		var deviceArgs string
+
+		// QEMU on x86_64 typically uses virtio-net-pci.
+		// On arm64 virtio-net-device is the safer default.
+		if runtime.GOARCH == "arm64" {
+			deviceArgs = " -device " + "virtio-net-device" + ",netdev=net0"
+		} else {
+			deviceArgs = " -device " + "virtio-net-pci" + ",netdev=net0,disable-legacy=on"
+		}
+
+		if mac != "" {
+			deviceArgs += ",mac=" + mac
+		}
+
+		return netdev + deviceArgs
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Hermit) MonitorBlockCli() []types.MonitorBlockArgs {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *Hermit) MonitorCli() types.MonitorCliArgs {
+	return types.MonitorCliArgs{
+		OtherArgs: " -no-reboot",
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Hermit) Init(data types.UnikernelParams) error {
+
+	if data.Net.Mask != "" {
+		mask, err := subnetMaskToCIDR(data.Net.Mask)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		h.Net.Address = data.Net.IP
+		h.Net.Gateway = data.Net.Gateway
+		h.Net.Mask = mask
+	}
+
+	h.Command = strings.Join(data.CmdLine, " ")
+	h.Monitor = data.Monitor
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newHermit() *Hermit {
+	return new(Hermit)
+}

pkg/unikontainers/unikernels/unikernel.go

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ func New(unikernelType string) (types.Unikernel, error) {
 	case LinuxUnikernel:
 		unikernel := newLinux()
 		return unikernel, nil
+	case HermitUnikernel:
+		unikernel := newHermit()
+		return unikernel, nil
 	default:
 		return nil, ErrNotSupportedUnikernel
 	}

tests/e2e/test_cases.go

@@ -733,6 +733,23 @@ func ctrTestCases() []containerTestArgs {
 			ExpectOut:      "UID: 0 GID: 42 WD: /test_dir URUNC: urunc",
 			TestFunc:       matchTest,
 		},
+		{
+			Image:          "harbor.nbfc.io/nubificus/urunc/hello-world-qemu-hermit-initrd:latest",
+			Name:           "Qemu-hermit-hello-world",
+			Devmapper:      false,
+			Seccomp:        true,
+			UID:            0,
+			GID:            0,
+			Groups:         []int64{},
+			Memory:         "",
+			Cli:            "",
+			Volumes:        []containerVolume{},
+			StaticNet:      false,
+			SideContainers: []string{},
+			Skippable:      false,
+			ExpectOut:      "Hello, world!",
+			TestFunc:       matchTest,
+		},
 	}
 }