Rollup of 8 pull requests

[matthiaskrgr]

Successful merges:

• std: refactor pthread-based synchronization #128184 (std: refactor pthread-based synchronization)
• Robustify and genericize return-type-notation resolution in resolve_bound_vars #132047 (Robustify and genericize return-type-notation resolution in resolve_bound_vars)
• fix: hurd build, stat64.st_fsid was renamed to st_dev #133515 (fix: hurd build, stat64.st_fsid was renamed to st_dev)
• fix: fix codeblocks in PathBuf example #133602 (fix: fix codeblocks in PathBuf example)
• update link to "C++ Exceptions under the hood" blog #133622 (update link to "C++ Exceptions under the hood" blog)
• Do not create trait object type if missing associated types #133660 (Do not create trait object type if missing associated types)
• Add diagnostic item for std::ops::ControlFlow #133686 (Add diagnostic item for std::ops::ControlFlow)
• Fixed typos by changing happend to happened #133689 (Fixed typos by changing happend to happened)

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