chore: Angular 16 upgrade for centraldashboard-angular frontend

[naman9271]

What changed

• Upgraded Angular stack from v14 to v16 (@angular/*, CLI, build tooling)
• Updated key dependencies (typescript ~4.9.5, rxjs ~7.8, zone.js ~0.13)
• Updated config for Angular 16 (tsconfig, angular.json)
• Updated webpack config for compatibility (removed deprecated loader usage)
• Fixed strict typing/index-signature access issues
• Updated test bootstrap to Angular 16-compatible setup

Verification

• Build library: pass
• App build: pass
• Lint: pass
• Unit tests: pass (24/24)

Screenshot

Risk / Follow-up

• Non-blocking bundle budget warning remains.
• Keep kubeflow common lib aligned with Angular 16 in CI/release images.

Fixes: #223

[google-oss-prow]

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[naman9271]

hi @andyatmiami @kimwnasptd
Don’t be alarmed by the number of lines changed, almost all of them come from updates in package-lock.json, which is automatically generated to ensure consistent dependency resolution. There are no large manual code changes behind this diff.