Throw meaningful exception when async JSInvokable method is called synchronously from JS

[iamcymentho]

Summary

Fixes #46811

When a [JSInvokable] method that returns Task or ValueTask is invoked synchronously from JavaScript via invokeMethod(), the raw Task/ValueTask object gets serialized, producing misleading JSON errors like:

• "SerializeTypeInstanceNotSupported, System.Action"
• "ConstructorContainsNullParameterNames, System.Threading.Tasks.Task'1"

These errors make debugging difficult as they are unrelated to the actual problem.

Changes

DotNetDispatcher.cs - In the Invoke() method (sync code path), added a check after InvokeSynchronously() returns to detect async return types (Task, ValueTask, ValueTask<T>). When detected, throws an InvalidOperationException with a clear message:

"The method 'MethodName' returns an asynchronous type and cannot be invoked synchronously from JavaScript. Use 'invokeMethodAsync' instead of 'invokeMethod'."

DotNetDispatcherTest.cs - Added 2 tests and 1 test helper:

• SyncInvokeOfAsyncMethod_Task_ThrowsMeaningfulException
• SyncInvokeOfAsyncMethod_ValueTask_ThrowsMeaningfulException
• InvokableAsyncReturningTask() - simple [JSInvokable] test method

Test results

All 148 JSInterop tests pass with 0 failures.

Test plan

• SyncInvokeOfAsyncMethod_Task - verifies Task-returning methods throw clear error
• SyncInvokeOfAsyncMethod_ValueTask - verifies ValueTask-returning methods throw clear error
• Full JSInterop test suite passes (148/148)

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR improves the developer experience for JS interop by detecting when an async [JSInvokable] method is invoked via the synchronous JS path (invokeMethod()), and throwing a clear InvalidOperationException instead of letting Task/ValueTask be serialized into misleading JSON-related errors.

Changes:

• Add sync-path detection for Task, ValueTask, and ValueTask<T> return values in DotNetDispatcher.Invoke(), throwing a targeted error message.
• Add new unit tests covering sync invocation of Task-returning and ValueTask-returning [JSInvokable] methods.
• Add a small test helper [JSInvokable] method that returns Task.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 4 comments.

File	Description
src/JSInterop/Microsoft.JSInterop/src/Infrastructure/DotNetDispatcher.cs	Adds sync-path check for async return types and throws a clearer exception before serialization.
src/JSInterop/Microsoft.JSInterop/test/Infrastructure/DotNetDispatcherTest.cs	Adds tests to validate the new exception behavior for Task and ValueTask sync invocation.