MonkeysLegion Query Builder

A powerful, fluent Query Builder & Micro-ORM for PHP 8.4+, designed for the MonkeysLegion framework. Built on PDO with zero external dependencies, providing a clean, expressive API for database operations.

✨ Features

🔗 Fluent Query Builder - Chainable, expressive API
🛡️ SQL Injection Protection - Automatic parameter binding
🔄 Transaction Support - Full ACID compliance with savepoints
🎯 Multiple Database Support - MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite
📊 Advanced Queries - Joins, subqueries, unions, CTEs
🏗️ Repository Pattern - Built-in entity repository support
⚡ Performance Optimized - Chunking, streaming, pagination
🎨 Clean Code - PSR-12 compliant, fully typed

📦 Installation

composer require monkeyscloud/monkeyslegion-query

Or add to your composer.json:

{
    "require": {
        "monkeyscloud/monkeyslegion-query": "^1.0"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "MonkeysLegion\\Query\\": "src/Query/",
            "MonkeysLegion\\Repository\\": "src/Repository/"
        }
    }
}

🚀 Quick Start

use MonkeysLegion\Database\MySQL\Connection;
use MonkeysLegion\Query\QueryBuilder;

// Initialize connection
$conn = new Connection([
    'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=myapp',
    'username' => 'root',
    'password' => 'secret'
]);

// Create query builder
$qb = new QueryBuilder($conn);

// Simple query
$users = $qb->from('users')
    ->where('status', '=', 'active')
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')
    ->limit(10)
    ->fetchAll();

// With joins
$posts = $qb->from('posts', 'p')
    ->leftJoin('users', 'u', 'u.id', '=', 'p.user_id')
    ->leftJoin('categories', 'c', 'c.id', '=', 'p.category_id')
    ->select(['p.*', 'u.name as author', 'c.name as category'])
    ->where('p.published', '=', true)
    ->fetchAll();

🔍 Select Operations

Basic SELECT

// Select all columns
$users = $qb->from('users')->fetchAll();

// Select specific columns
$users = $qb->from('users')
    ->select(['id', 'name', 'email'])
    ->fetchAll();

// Select with alias
$users = $qb->from('users')
    ->selectAs('created_at', 'registered_date')
    ->fetchAll();

// Add columns to existing SELECT
$qb->select(['id', 'name'])
   ->addSelect(['email', 'phone']);

SELECT with Expressions

// Raw expressions
$qb->selectRaw('COUNT(*) as total, DATE(created_at) as date');

// Aggregate shortcuts
$qb->from('orders')
   ->selectSum('amount', 'total')
   ->selectAvg('quantity', 'avg_qty')
   ->selectMax('price', 'max_price');

// CASE statements
$qb->selectCase([
    'status = "active"' => '"Active"',
    'status = "pending"' => '"Pending"'
], '"Unknown"', 'status_label');

// CONCAT
$qb->selectConcat(['first_name', 'last_name'], 'full_name', ' ');

// JSON extraction (MySQL 5.7+)
$qb->selectJson('settings', '$.theme', 'user_theme');

Subqueries in SELECT

// Using callback
$qb->from('users', 'u')
   ->selectSubQuery(function($sub) {
       $sub->from('orders')
           ->selectRaw('COUNT(*)')
           ->whereRaw('orders.user_id = u.id');
   }, 'order_count');

// Raw subquery
$qb->selectSub('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE user_id = users.id', 'order_count');

DISTINCT

// Regular DISTINCT
$qb->from('users')->distinct()->select(['country']);

// DISTINCT ON (PostgreSQL)
$qb->from('events')->distinctOn(['user_id'])->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC');

🎯 Where Clauses

Basic WHERE

// Simple where
$qb->where('status', '=', 'active');
$qb->where('age', '>', 18);

// Multiple conditions (AND)
$qb->where('status', '=', 'active')
   ->where('verified', '=', true);

// OR conditions
$qb->where('role', '=', 'admin')
   ->orWhere('role', '=', 'moderator');

// AND/OR combined
$qb->where('status', '=', 'active')
   ->andWhere('age', '>=', 18)
   ->orWhere('role', '=', 'admin');

Advanced WHERE

// WHERE IN
$qb->whereIn('id', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$qb->whereNotIn('status', ['deleted', 'banned']);

// WHERE BETWEEN
$qb->whereBetween('age', 18, 65);
$qb->whereNotBetween('price', 100, 200);

// WHERE NULL
$qb->whereNull('deleted_at');
$qb->whereNotNull('verified_at');

// WHERE LIKE
$qb->whereLike('email', '%@gmail.com');
$qb->whereNotLike('name', '%test%');

// Column comparisons
$qb->whereColumn('updated_at', '>', 'created_at');

// WHERE EXISTS
$qb->whereExists('SELECT 1 FROM orders WHERE orders.user_id = users.id');

Grouped WHERE

// WHERE groups with AND
$qb->where('status', '=', 'active')
   ->whereGroup(function($q) {
       $q->where('role', '=', 'admin')
         ->orWhere('role', '=', 'moderator');
   });
// Produces: WHERE status = 'active' AND (role = 'admin' OR role = 'moderator')

// OR WHERE groups
$qb->where('age', '>=', 18)
   ->orWhereGroup(function($q) {
       $q->where('parent_consent', '=', true)
         ->where('guardian_id', '!=', null);
   });

Date/Time WHERE

// WHERE DATE
$qb->whereDate('created_at', '=', '2024-01-01');

// WHERE YEAR/MONTH/DAY
$qb->whereYear('created_at', '=', 2024);
$qb->whereMonth('created_at', '=', 1);
$qb->whereDay('created_at', '=', 15);

JSON WHERE (MySQL 5.7+)

// JSON contains
$qb->whereJsonContains('meta', '$.tags', 'php');

// JSON extract
$qb->whereJsonExtract('settings', '$.theme', '=', 'dark');

// JSON length
$qb->whereJsonLength('tags', '>', 3);

Raw WHERE

$qb->whereRaw('YEAR(created_at) = ?', [2024]);
$qb->orWhereRaw('status IN (?, ?)', ['active', 'verified']);

🔗 Joins

Basic Joins

// INNER JOIN
$qb->from('posts', 'p')
   ->innerJoin('users', 'u', 'u.id', '=', 'p.user_id');

// LEFT JOIN
$qb->from('users', 'u')
   ->leftJoin('profiles', 'p', 'p.user_id', '=', 'u.id');

// RIGHT JOIN
$qb->rightJoin('orders', 'o', 'o.user_id', '=', 'u.id');

// CROSS JOIN
$qb->crossJoin('settings', 's');

Multiple Conditions

// Using callback
$qb->from('orders', 'o')
   ->leftJoinOn('items', 'i', function($join) {
       $join->on('i.order_id', '=', 'o.id')
            ->andOn('i.deleted_at', 'IS', 'NULL')
            ->where('i.quantity', '>', 0, $this);
   });

Subquery Joins

// Join to subquery
$qb->from('users', 'u')
   ->leftJoinSubQuery(function($sub) {
       $sub->from('orders')
           ->select(['user_id', 'COUNT(*) as order_count'])
           ->groupBy('user_id');
   }, 'oc', 'oc.user_id', '=', 'u.id');

USING Joins

// When column names match
$qb->from('posts', 'p')
   ->leftJoinUsing('categories', 'c', 'category_id');

Self Joins

// Join table to itself
$qb->from('categories', 'c')
   ->leftSelfJoin('parent', 'parent.id', '=', 'c.parent_id');

Lateral Joins (PostgreSQL)

$qb->from('users', 'u')
   ->leftJoinLateral(
       'SELECT * FROM posts WHERE user_id = u.id ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 3',
       'recent_posts'
   );

📊 Grouping & Ordering

GROUP BY

$qb->from('orders')
   ->select(['user_id', 'COUNT(*) as order_count'])
   ->groupBy('user_id');

// Multiple columns
$qb->groupBy('year', 'month', 'day');

HAVING

$qb->from('orders')
   ->select(['user_id', 'COUNT(*) as total'])
   ->groupBy('user_id')
   ->having('COUNT(*)', '>', 5);

// Raw HAVING
$qb->havingRaw('SUM(amount) > ?', [1000]);

ORDER BY

// Single column
$qb->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC');

// Multiple columns
$qb->orderBy('status', 'ASC')
   ->orderBy('priority', 'DESC')
   ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC');

// Raw ORDER BY
$qb->orderByRaw('FIELD(status, "urgent", "high", "normal", "low")');
$qb->orderByRaw('RAND()'); // Random order

LIMIT & OFFSET

$qb->limit(10)->offset(20); // Skip 20, take 10
$qb->limit(5); // First 5 rows

📈 Aggregate Functions

Basic Aggregates

// COUNT
$total = $qb->from('users')->count();
$active = $qb->from('users')->where('status', '=', 'active')->count();

// SUM
$revenue = $qb->from('orders')->sum('amount');

// AVG
$avgPrice = $qb->from('products')->avg('price');

// MIN/MAX
$minPrice = $qb->from('products')->min('price');
$maxPrice = $qb->from('products')->max('price');

Distinct Aggregates

$uniqueCountries = $qb->from('users')->countDistinct('country');
$uniqueRevenue = $qb->from('orders')->sumDistinct('amount');

Statistical Functions

// Standard deviation
$stdDev = $qb->from('sales')->stdDev('amount');
$stdDevPop = $qb->from('sales')->stdDevPop('amount');

// Variance
$variance = $qb->from('sales')->variance('amount');
$varPop = $qb->from('sales')->varPop('amount');

Conditional Aggregates

// Count with condition
$activeCount = $qb->from('users')->countWhere('status', '=', 'active');

// Sum with condition
$activeRevenue = $qb->from('orders')->sumWhere('amount', 'status', '=', 'paid');

Existence Checks

$exists = $qb->from('users')->where('email', '=', 'admin@example.com')->exists();
$doesntExist = $qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 999)->doesntExist();

GROUP_CONCAT (MySQL)

$tags = $qb->from('post_tags')
    ->where('post_id', '=', 1)
    ->groupConcat('tag_name', ', ', true); // Distinct, comma-separated

✏️ Insert, Update, Delete

INSERT

// Single insert
$userId = $qb->insert('users', [
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'john@example.com',
    'status' => 'active'
]);

// Batch insert
$count = $qb->insertBatch('users', [
    ['name' => 'Alice', 'email' => 'alice@example.com'],
    ['name' => 'Bob', 'email' => 'bob@example.com'],
    ['name' => 'Carol', 'email' => 'carol@example.com']
]);

UPDATE

// Update with WHERE
$affected = $qb->update('users', [
        'status' => 'inactive',
        'updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')
    ])
    ->where('last_login', '<', date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-1 year')))
    ->execute();

// Update all
$affected = $qb->update('users', ['verified' => true])->execute();

DELETE

// Delete with WHERE
$affected = $qb->delete('users')
    ->where('status', '=', 'deleted')
    ->where('deleted_at', '<', date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-30 days')))
    ->execute();

// Delete all (dangerous!)
$affected = $qb->delete('users')->execute();

Upsert / Insert or Update

// Insert or update based on duplicate key (MySQL)
$qb->custom(
    "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?) 
     ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name = VALUES(name), email = VALUES(email)",
    [1, 'John', 'john@example.com']
)->execute();

📤 Fetch Operations

Basic Fetching

// Fetch all as arrays
$users = $qb->from('users')->fetchAll();

// Fetch all as objects
$users = $qb->from('users')->fetchAll(User::class);

// Fetch first row
$user = $qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->first();

// Fetch first or fail
$user = $qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->firstOrFail();

// Fetch single value
$name = $qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->value('name');

// Fetch column as array
$emails = $qb->from('users')->pluck('email');

// Fetch key-value pairs
$idNameMap = $qb->from('users')->pluck('name', 'id');
// Result: [1 => 'John', 2 => 'Jane', ...]

Find Operations

// Find by ID
$user = $qb->from('users')->find(1);

// Find or fail
$user = $qb->from('users')->findOrFail(1);

// Find many by IDs
$users = $qb->from('users')->findMany([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

Advanced Fetching

// Fetch as specific type
$users = $qb->from('users')->fetchAllAssoc();
$users = $qb->from('users')->fetchAllObjects();

// Fetch indexed by key
$usersById = $qb->from('users')->fetchIndexed('id');
// Result: [1 => [...], 2 => [...], ...]

// Fetch grouped by key
$usersByCountry = $qb->from('users')->fetchGrouped('country');
// Result: ['US' => [[...], [...]], 'UK' => [[...]], ...]

Chunking & Streaming

// Process in chunks (memory efficient)
$qb->from('users')->chunk(100, function($users, $page) {
    foreach ($users as $user) {
        // Process each user
    }
    // Return false to stop
});

// Stream with cursor (generator)
foreach ($qb->from('users')->cursor() as $user) {
    // Process one at a time
}

// Lazy loading (chunks via generator)
foreach ($qb->from('users')->lazy(1000) as $user) {
    // Memory efficient iteration
}

// Process each row
$qb->from('users')->each(function($user, $index) {
    echo "Processing user {$index}: {$user['name']}\n";
});

Reusing the Builder

By default, read operations (like get, count, first) do not reset the builder state. This allows you to chain multiple operations on the same query configuration.

$qb->from('users')->where('active', 1);

// Run count
$count = $qb->count();

// Run fetch (reuses the same WHERE clause)
$users = $qb->fetchAll();

If you want to reuse the same builder instance for a completely new query, you must manually reset it:

// First query
$users = $qb->from('users')->where('active', 1)->fetchAll();

// Reset state
$qb->reset();

// Second query
$posts = $qb->from('posts')->where('published', 1)->fetchAll();

Pagination

// Full pagination (with total count)
$result = $qb->from('posts')
    ->where('published', '=', true)
    ->paginate(page: 2, perPage: 15);

// Result structure:
// [
//     'data' => [...],
//     'total' => 150,
//     'page' => 2,
//     'perPage' => 15,
//     'lastPage' => 10,
//     'from' => 16,
//     'to' => 30
// ]

// Simple pagination (no count, faster)
$result = $qb->from('posts')->simplePaginate(1, 20);
// Result: ['data' => [...], 'hasMore' => true, 'page' => 1, 'perPage' => 20]

Transformations

// Map results
$names = $qb->from('users')->map(fn($user) => strtoupper($user['name']));

// Filter results
$adults = $qb->from('users')->filter(fn($user) => $user['age'] >= 18);

// Reduce results
$totalAge = $qb->from('users')->reduce(fn($carry, $user) => $carry + $user['age'], 0);

💾 Transactions

Basic Transactions

// Manual control
$qb->beginTransaction();
try {
    $qb->insert('users', ['name' => 'Alice']);
    $qb->insert('profiles', ['user_id' => 1]);
    $qb->commit();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    $qb->rollback();
    throw $e;
}

// Using callback
$result = $qb->transaction(function($qb) {
    $userId = $qb->insert('users', ['name' => 'Bob']);
    $qb->insert('profiles', ['user_id' => $userId]);
    return $userId;
});

Nested Transactions (Savepoints)

$qb->beginTransactionNested(); // Level 1
try {
    $qb->insert('users', ['name' => 'Alice']);
    
    $qb->beginTransactionNested(); // Level 2 (creates savepoint)
    try {
        $qb->insert('profiles', ['user_id' => 1]);
        $qb->commitNested(); // Releases savepoint
    } catch (\Exception $e) {
        $qb->rollbackNested(); // Rollback to savepoint
    }
    
    $qb->commitNested();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    $qb->rollbackNested();
}

Transaction with Retry

// Automatically retry on deadlocks
$result = $qb->transactionWithRetry(function($qb) {
    $qb->update('accounts', ['balance' => 100])
       ->where('id', '=', 1)
       ->execute();
}, attempts: 3, sleep: 100);

Isolation Levels

// Set isolation level
$qb->setTransactionIsolation('SERIALIZABLE');
$qb->beginTransaction();

// Shortcuts
$qb->readUncommitted()->beginTransaction();
$qb->readCommitted()->beginTransaction();
$qb->repeatableRead()->beginTransaction();
$qb->serializable()->beginTransaction();

Transaction Callbacks

// After commit callback
$qb->transaction(function($qb) {
    $userId = $qb->insert('users', ['name' => 'Alice']);
    
    $qb->afterCommit(function() use ($userId) {
        // Send welcome email
        Mail::send('welcome', $userId);
    });
});

// After rollback callback
$qb->afterRollback(function() {
    Log::error('Transaction failed');
});

Read-Only Transactions

// Optimize read-only queries
$qb->beginReadOnlyTransaction();
$users = $qb->from('users')->fetchAll();
$qb->commit();

Advisory Locks

// Acquire lock
if ($qb->getLock('user_processing_123', timeout: 10)) {
    // Do work
    $qb->releaseLock('user_processing_123');
}

// Execute with lock
$qb->withLock('invoice_generation', function($qb) {
    // Generate invoice
}, timeout: 30);

🔧 Advanced Features

Subqueries

// FROM subquery
$qb->fromSubQuery(function($sub) {
    $sub->from('orders')
        ->select(['user_id', 'COUNT(*) as order_count'])
        ->groupBy('user_id');
}, 'user_orders')
->where('order_count', '>', 10);

// WHERE subquery
$qb->from('users')
   ->whereExists(
       'SELECT 1 FROM orders WHERE orders.user_id = users.id AND orders.status = ?',
       ['completed']
   );

UNION

$qb->from('customers')
   ->select(['id', 'name', '"customer" as type'])
   ->union(
       'SELECT id, name, "supplier" as type FROM suppliers',
       [],
       all: false
   );

Raw Queries

// Execute raw query
$results = $qb->raw('SELECT * FROM users WHERE created_at > ?', ['2024-01-01']);

// Raw query with single result
$user = $qb->rawOne('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1]);

Custom SQL

// Execute custom SQL with query builder features
$qb->custom('SELECT * FROM users')
   ->where('status', '=', 'active')
   ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')
   ->fetchAll();

Query Introspection

// Get generated SQL
$sql = $qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->toSql();

// Get bound parameters
$params = $qb->getParams();

// Debug query
$qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->dump(); // Prints debug info
$qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->dd();   // Dump and die

Conditional Building

// Conditional clauses
$qb->from('users')
   ->when($isAdmin, fn($q) => $q->select('*'))
   ->unless($isAdmin, fn($q) => $q->select(['id', 'name']))
   ->where('active', '=', true);

// Conditional joins
$qb->from('posts')
   ->leftJoinWhen($includeAuthor, 'users', 'u', 'u.id', '=', 'posts.user_id');

Query Duplication

// Clone query for reuse
$baseQuery = $qb->from('users')->where('status', '=', 'active');

$admins = $baseQuery->clone()->where('role', '=', 'admin')->fetchAll();
$users = $baseQuery->clone()->where('role', '=', 'user')->fetchAll();

Macros (Custom Methods)

// Register custom macro
QueryBuilder::macro('whereDateRange', function($column, $start, $end) {
    return $this->whereBetween($column, $start, $end);
});

// Use macro
$qb->from('orders')->whereDateRange('created_at', '2024-01-01', '2024-12-31');

🏗️ Repository Pattern

Creating a Repository

namespace App\Repository;

use MonkeysLegion\Repository\EntityRepository;
use App\Entity\User;

class UserRepository extends EntityRepository
{
    protected string $table = 'users';
    protected string $entityClass = User::class;
    
    // Custom methods
    public function findActive(): array
    {
        return $this->findBy(['status' => 'active']);
    }
    
    public function findByEmail(string $email): ?User
    {
        return $this->findOneBy(['email' => $email]);
    }
    
    public function getAdmins(): array
    {
        return $this->qb
            ->from($this->table)
            ->where('role', '=', 'admin')
            ->orderBy('name', 'ASC')
            ->fetchAll($this->entityClass);
    }
}

Built-in Repository Methods

$userRepo = new UserRepository($qb);

// Find all
$users = $userRepo->findAll();

// Find by ID
$user = $userRepo->find(1);

// Find by criteria
$users = $userRepo->findBy(
    ['status' => 'active', 'verified' => true],
    ['created_at' => 'DESC'],
    limit: 10,
    offset: 0
);

// Find one by criteria
$user = $userRepo->findOneBy(['email' => 'admin@example.com']);

// Count
$total = $userRepo->count();
$active = $userRepo->count(['status' => 'active']);

// Save (insert or update)
$userId = $userRepo->save($user);

// Delete
$affected = $userRepo->delete(1);

Repository Factory

namespace MonkeysLegion\Repository;

use MonkeysLegion\Query\QueryBuilder;

class RepositoryFactory
{
    public function __construct(private QueryBuilder $qb) {}
    
    /**
     * @template T of EntityRepository
     * @param class-string<T> $repoClass
     * @return T
     */
    public function create(string $repoClass): object
    {
        return new $repoClass($this->qb);
    }
}

// Usage
$factory = new RepositoryFactory($qb);
$userRepo = $factory->create(UserRepository::class);

Dependency Injection Setup

// In your DI container config
use MonkeysLegion\Database\Factory\ConnectionFactory;
use MonkeysLegion\Query\QueryBuilder;
use MonkeysLegion\Repository\RepositoryFactory;

return [
    Connection::class => fn() => ConnectionFactory::create(require __DIR__.'/database.php'),
    
    QueryBuilder::class => fn($c) => new QueryBuilder(
        $c->get(Connection::class)
    ),
    
    RepositoryFactory::class => fn($c) => new RepositoryFactory(
        $c->get(QueryBuilder::class)
    ),
    
    // Individual repositories
    UserRepository::class => fn($c) => new UserRepository(
        $c->get(QueryBuilder::class)
    ),
];

👀 Using Observers

Observers allow you to hook into the lifecycle events of your entities. You can attach an observer to an entity class using the #[ObservedBy] attribute.

1. Create an Observer

Extend the EntityObserver base class and override the methods you need:

use MonkeysLegion\Entity\Observers\EntityObserver;

class UserObserver extends EntityObserver
{
    public function creating(object $entity): void
    {
        // Set default values or hash passwords
        echo "Creating user: " . $entity->getUsername();
    }

    public function hydrated(object $entity): void
    {
        // Perform actions after the entity is loaded from the database
        echo "User hydrated!";
    }
}

2. Register the Observer on the Entity

You can register a single observer or an array of observers:

use MonkeysLegion\Entity\Attributes\Entity;
use MonkeysLegion\Entity\Attributes\ObservedBy;

#[Entity(table: 'users')]
#[ObservedBy(UserObserver::class)] // Single observer
class User
{
    // ...
}

#[Entity(table: 'posts')]
#[ObservedBy([PostObserver::class, ActivityLogObserver::class])] // Multiple observers
class Post
{
    // ...
}

Observer Lifecycle Events

The following table describes when each observer method is triggered by the EntityRepository:

Event	Triggered by	When exactly?
saving	`save()`	Triggered before an insert or update begins.
creating	`save()`	Triggered before a record is inserted.
created	`save()`	Triggered after a record is successfully inserted.
updating	`save()`	Triggered before an existing record is updated.
updated	`save()`	Triggered after an existing record is successfully changed.
saved	`save()`	Triggered after the save operation (after `created` or `updated`).
deleting	`delete()`	Triggered before a record is deleted.
deleted	`delete()`	Triggered after a record is successfully deleted.
hydrated	entity hydrator	Automatically triggered after an entity is loaded and hydrated.

All details about observers can be found in the Observers documentation.

Tip

The updated event is only triggered if the database update resulted in at least one changed row (rowCount > 0). The saved event is always triggered regardless of actual differences.

🎨 Best Practices

1. Always Use Parameter Binding

// ❌ BAD - SQL Injection risk
$qb->whereRaw("email = '{$email}'");

// ✅ GOOD - Safe parameter binding
$qb->where('email', '=', $email);
$qb->whereRaw('email = ?', [$email]);

2. Use Transactions for Related Operations

// ✅ GOOD - Atomic operations
$qb->transaction(function($qb) use ($orderData, $items) {
    $orderId = $qb->insert('orders', $orderData);
    
    foreach ($items as $item) {
        $item['order_id'] = $orderId;
        $qb->insert('order_items', $item);
    }
    
    return $orderId;
});

3. Use Repositories for Business Logic

// ✅ GOOD - Encapsulated logic
class OrderRepository extends EntityRepository
{
    public function createOrder(array $orderData, array $items): int
    {
        return $this->qb->transaction(function($qb) use ($orderData, $items) {
            $orderId = $qb->insert('orders', $orderData);
            
            foreach ($items as $item) {
                $item['order_id'] = $orderId;
                $qb->insert('order_items', $item);
            }
            
            return $orderId;
        });
    }
}

4. Use Chunking for Large Datasets

// ✅ GOOD - Memory efficient
$qb->from('users')->chunk(1000, function($users) {
    foreach ($users as $user) {
        // Process user
    }
});

// ❌ BAD - Loads all into memory
$users = $qb->from('users')->fetchAll();

5. Clone Queries for Reuse

// ✅ GOOD - Reusable base query
$activeUsers = $qb->from('users')->where('status', '=', 'active');

$admins = $activeUsers->clone()->where('role', '=', 'admin')->fetchAll();
$regular = $activeUsers->clone()->where('role', '=', 'user')->fetchAll();

🔒 Security

SQL Injection Protection

MonkeysLegion Query Builder automatically protects against SQL injection through:

Automatic parameter binding - All values are bound as PDO parameters
Unique placeholder generation - Prevents parameter collision
Identifier quoting - Table and column names are properly escaped

// All of these are safe
$qb->where('email', '=', $userInput);
$qb->whereIn('id', $arrayFromUser);
$qb->whereLike('name', $searchTerm);

Safe Raw Queries

When using raw SQL, always use parameter binding:

// ✅ SAFE
$qb->whereRaw('YEAR(created_at) = ?', [2024]);
$qb->selectRaw('COUNT(CASE WHEN status = ? THEN 1 END) as count', ['active']);

// ❌ UNSAFE
$qb->whereRaw("YEAR(created_at) = {$year}"); // Don't do this!

⚡ Performance Tips

1. Use Indexes

// Ensure WHERE, JOIN, and ORDER BY columns are indexed
$qb->from('users')
   ->where('email', '=', $email)  // email should be indexed
   ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC'); // created_at should be indexed

2. Select Only Needed Columns

// ✅ GOOD
$qb->select(['id', 'name', 'email']);

// ❌ BAD (if you don't need all columns)
$qb->select('*');

3. Use EXISTS Instead of COUNT

// ✅ FASTER for existence checks
$exists = $qb->from('users')->where('email', '=', $email)->exists();

// ❌ SLOWER
$exists = $qb->from('users')->where('email', '=', $email)->count() > 0;

4. Eager Load Relationships

// ✅ GOOD - Single query with joins
$posts = $qb->from('posts', 'p')
    ->leftJoin('users', 'u', 'u.id', '=', 'p.user_id')
    ->select(['p.*', 'u.name as author_name'])
    ->fetchAll();

// ❌ BAD - N+1 query problem
$posts = $qb->from('posts')->fetchAll();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    $post->author = $qb->from('users')->find($post->user_id); // N queries!
}

5. Use Pagination for Large Results

// ✅ GOOD
$result = $qb->from('posts')->paginate(1, 20);

// ❌ BAD - Loads all rows
$all = $qb->from('posts')->fetchAll();

🐛 Debugging

Query Debugging

// Print query and continue
$qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->dump();

// Print query and exit
$qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->dd();

// Log query
$qb->from('users')->where('id', '=', 1)->log('[UserQuery]');

// Get SQL and params
$sql = $qb->toSql();
$params = $qb->getParams();

Enable PDO Error Mode

use MonkeysLegion\Database\MySQL\Connection;
$conn = new Connection([
    'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=myapp',
    'username' => 'root',
    'password' => 'secret',
    'options' => [
        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
        PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
    ]
]);

🧪 Testing

Example PHPUnit Test

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use MonkeysLegion\Query\QueryBuilder;

class UserRepositoryTest extends TestCase
{
    private QueryBuilder $qb;
    
    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        $this->qb = new QueryBuilder($this->createTestConnection());
        $this->qb->beginTransaction();
    }
    
    protected function tearDown(): void
    {
        $this->qb->rollback();
    }
    
    public function testFindUser(): void
    {
        $userId = $this->qb->insert('users', [
            'name' => 'Test User',
            'email' => 'test@example.com'
        ]);
        
        $user = $this->qb->from('users')->find($userId);
        
        $this->assertEquals('Test User', $user['name']);
        $this->assertEquals('test@example.com', $user['email']);
    }
}

📖 API Reference

Complete Method List

Select Operations

select(), addSelect(), selectAs(), selectRaw()
selectSum(), selectAvg(), selectMin(), selectMax(), selectCount()
selectConcat(), selectCoalesce(), selectCase(), selectJson()
distinct(), distinctOn()

Where Clauses

where(), andWhere(), orWhere(), whereRaw()
whereIn(), whereNotIn(), orWhereIn(), orWhereNotIn()
whereBetween(), whereNotBetween(), orWhereBetween()
whereNull(), whereNotNull(), orWhereNull(), orWhereNotNull()
whereLike(), whereNotLike(), orWhereLike()
whereExists(), whereNotExists(), orWhereExists()
whereColumn(), orWhereColumn()
whereDate(), whereYear(), whereMonth(), whereDay(), whereTime()
whereJsonContains(), whereJsonExtract(), whereJsonLength()
whereGroup(), orWhereGroup(), andWhereGroup()

Joins

join(), innerJoin(), leftJoin(), rightJoin(), crossJoin()
fullOuterJoin(), leftOuterJoin(), rightOuterJoin()
joinOn(), innerJoinOn(), leftJoinOn(), rightJoinOn()
joinSub(), leftJoinSub(), rightJoinSub(), joinSubQuery()
joinUsing(), innerJoinUsing(), leftJoinUsing(), rightJoinUsing()
naturalJoin(), naturalLeftJoin(), naturalRightJoin()
joinLateral(), leftJoinLateral(), innerJoinLateral()
selfJoin(), leftSelfJoin()

Grouping & Ordering

groupBy(), having(), havingRaw()
orderBy(), orderByRaw()
limit(), offset()

Aggregates

count(), countDistinct(), countWhere()
sum(), sumDistinct(), sumWhere()
avg(), avgDistinct()
min(), max()
stdDev(), stdDevPop(), stdDevSamp()
variance(), varPop(), varSamp()
groupConcat()
exists(), doesntExist()

DML Operations

insert(), insertBatch()
update(), delete()
execute(), executeRaw()

Fetch Operations

fetchAll(), fetchAllAssoc(), fetchAllObjects()
fetch(), first(), firstAs(), firstOrFail()
find(), findOrFail(), findMany()
value(), pluck(), fetchPairs(), fetchIndexed(), fetchGrouped()
chunk(), cursor(), cursorAs(), each(), lazy()
paginate(), simplePaginate()
map(), filter(), reduce()

Transactions

beginTransaction(), commit(), rollback()
transaction(), safeTransaction(), transactionWithRetry()
beginTransactionNested(), commitNested(), rollbackNested()
savepoint(), rollbackToSavepoint(), releaseSavepoint()
setTransactionIsolation(), readCommitted(), repeatableRead(), serializable()
getLock(), releaseLock(), withLock()

Utilities

from(), fromSub(), fromSubQuery()
duplicate(), clone(), reset(), fresh()
toSql(), getParams(), dump(), dd(), log()
when(), unless(), tap()

📝 License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details

🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

Fork the repository
Create your feature branch (git checkout -b feature/amazing-feature)
Commit your changes (git commit -m 'Add some amazing feature')
Push to the branch (git push origin feature/amazing-feature)
Open a Pull Request

📮 Support

Documentation: https://monkeyslegion.com/docs/starter
Issues: https://github.com/MonkeysCloud/MonkeysLegion-Skeleton
Slack: https://join.slack.com/t/monkeyslegion/shared_invite/zt-36jut3kqo-WCwOabVrVrhHBln4xhMATA

🙏 Credits

Created and maintained by MonkeysCloud

Built with ❤️ by the MonkeysLegion team

Contributors

_{Jorge Peraza}

_{Amanar Marouane}

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
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src		src
tests		tests
.gitignore		.gitignore
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
composer.json		composer.json
phpstan.neon		phpstan.neon

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