diff --git a/.github/workflows/bench.yml b/.github/workflows/bench.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee1f165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/bench.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: benchmark
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - "frontend/benchmarks/**"
+      - "frontend/lib/scterrain.ts"
+      - "frontend/lib/scimage.ts"
+      - "frontend/vitest.bench.config.ts"
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - "frontend/benchmarks/**"
+      - "frontend/lib/scterrain.ts"
+      - "frontend/lib/scimage.ts"
+      - "frontend/vitest.bench.config.ts"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  bench:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        with:
+          version: latest
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 20
+          cache: pnpm
+          cache-dependency-path: frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: pnpm install
+        working-directory: frontend
+
+      - name: Install Playwright browsers
+        run: pnpm exec playwright install chromium
+        working-directory: frontend
+
+      - name: Run benchmarks
+        run: pnpm bench --outputJson=bench-result.json
+        working-directory: frontend
+
+      - name: Upload benchmark results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: bench-result
+          path: frontend/bench-result.json
+          retention-days: 30
diff --git a/frontend/benchmarks/adapter.ts b/frontend/benchmarks/adapter.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d9c786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/benchmarks/adapter.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import { RawTerrain } from "@/types/schemas/terrain/RawTerrain";
+import { Tile } from "@/types/schemas/entities/Tile";
+import { Unit } from "@/types/schemas/entities/Unit";
+import { Sprite } from "@/types/schemas/entities/Sprite";
+import { Location } from "@/types/schemas/entities/Location";
+import { SCImageBundle } from "@/types/SCImage";
+import { Viewport } from "@/types/viewport";
+
+export interface RendererBenchmark {
+  /** Prepare terrain layer from tile data */
+  updateTerrain(
+    terrain: RawTerrain,
+    tiles: Tile[],
+    tileGroup: number[][],
+    tilesetData: Uint8Array,
+  ): void;
+
+  /** Prepare unit layer */
+  updateUnits(
+    terrain: RawTerrain,
+    units: Unit[],
+    images: Map<number, SCImageBundle>,
+  ): Promise<void>;
+
+  /** Prepare sprite layer */
+  updateSprites(
+    terrain: RawTerrain,
+    sprites: Sprite[],
+    images: Map<number, SCImageBundle>,
+  ): Promise<void>;
+
+  /** Prepare location overlay layer */
+  updateLocations(terrain: RawTerrain, locations: Location[]): void;
+
+  /** Compose all layers into a single image */
+  compose(terrain: RawTerrain): void;
+
+  /** Paint the viewport region to screen */
+  paint(viewport: Viewport): void;
+
+  /** Dispose resources */
+  dispose(): void;
+}
+
+// -- Canvas2D implementation --------------------------------------------------
+
+import { getTerrainImage } from "@/lib/scterrain";
+import { TILE_SIZE } from "@/lib/scterrain";
+import {
+  getPlacedUnitImage,
+  getPlacedSpriteImages,
+  getLocationImage,
+} from "@/lib/scimage";
+
+export class Canvas2DBenchmark implements RendererBenchmark {
+  private terrainBitmap?: ImageBitmap;
+  private unitBitmap?: ImageBitmap;
+  private spriteBitmap?: ImageBitmap;
+  private locationBitmap?: ImageBitmap;
+  private composedBitmap?: ImageBitmap;
+
+  private canvas: OffscreenCanvas;
+  private ctx: OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D;
+
+  constructor(width = 4096, height = 4096) {
+    this.canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(width, height);
+    this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext("2d")!;
+  }
+
+  updateTerrain(
+    terrain: RawTerrain,
+    tiles: Tile[],
+    tileGroup: number[][],
+    tilesetData: Uint8Array,
+  ): void {
+    this.terrainBitmap = getTerrainImage(
+      terrain,
+      tiles,
+      tileGroup,
+      tilesetData,
+    );
+  }
+
+  async updateUnits(
+    terrain: RawTerrain,
+    units: Unit[],
+    images: Map<number, SCImageBundle>,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    this.unitBitmap = await getPlacedUnitImage(terrain, units, images);
+  }
+
+  async updateSprites(
+    terrain: RawTerrain,
+    sprites: Sprite[],
+    images: Map<number, SCImageBundle>,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    this.spriteBitmap = await getPlacedSpriteImages(terrain, sprites, images);
+  }
+
+  updateLocations(terrain: RawTerrain, locations: Location[]): void {
+    this.locationBitmap = getLocationImage(terrain, locations);
+  }
+
+  compose(terrain: RawTerrain): void {
+    const w = terrain.size.width * TILE_SIZE;
+    const h = terrain.size.height * TILE_SIZE;
+
+    this.canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(w, h);
+    this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext("2d")!;
+    this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, w, h);
+
+    if (this.terrainBitmap) this.ctx.drawImage(this.terrainBitmap, 0, 0);
+    if (this.unitBitmap) this.ctx.drawImage(this.unitBitmap, 0, 0);
+    if (this.spriteBitmap) this.ctx.drawImage(this.spriteBitmap, 0, 0);
+    if (this.locationBitmap) this.ctx.drawImage(this.locationBitmap, 0, 0);
+
+    this.composedBitmap = this.canvas.transferToImageBitmap();
+  }
+
+  paint(viewport: Viewport): void {
+    if (!this.composedBitmap) return;
+
+    const w = viewport.tileWidth * TILE_SIZE;
+    const h = viewport.tileHeight * TILE_SIZE;
+    const sx = viewport.startX * TILE_SIZE;
+    const sy = viewport.startY * TILE_SIZE;
+
+    const viewCanvas = new OffscreenCanvas(w, h);
+    const viewCtx = viewCanvas.getContext("2d")!;
+    viewCtx.clearRect(0, 0, w, h);
+    viewCtx.drawImage(this.composedBitmap, sx, sy, w, h, 0, 0, w, h);
+  }
+
+  dispose(): void {
+    this.terrainBitmap?.close();
+    this.unitBitmap?.close();
+    this.spriteBitmap?.close();
+    this.locationBitmap?.close();
+    this.composedBitmap?.close();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/location.ts b/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/location.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4066ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/location.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { createLocations } from "./util";
+
+export const location = createLocations(64);
diff --git a/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/terrain.ts b/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/terrain.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efd52c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/terrain.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { createTerrain, createTiles, createTilesetData } from "./util";
+
+export const terrain = {
+  verySmall: createTerrain(64, 64),
+  small: createTerrain(128, 128),
+  medium: createTerrain(192, 192),
+  large: createTerrain(256, 256),
+};
+
+export const tiles = {
+  verySmall: createTiles(64, 64),
+  small: createTiles(128, 128),
+  medium: createTiles(192, 192),
+  large: createTiles(256, 256),
+};
+
+export const tilesetData = createTilesetData(16);
+
+export const tileGroup = [Array.from({ length: 16 }, (_, i) => i)];
diff --git a/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/util.ts b/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/util.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0d572d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/benchmarks/fixtures/util.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { Location } from "@/types/schemas/entities/Location";
+import { Tile } from "@/types/schemas/entities/Tile";
+import { RawTerrain } from "@/types/schemas/terrain/RawTerrain";
+
+export function createLocations(count: number): Location[] {
+  return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) => ({
+    id: i,
+    name: `Location ${i}`,
+    transform: {
+      id: i,
+      name: `Location ${i}`,
+      position: { x: (i % 10) * 320, y: Math.floor(i / 10) * 320 },
+      size: { left: 0, top: 0, right: 160, bottom: 160 },
+    },
+    kind: "Location" as const,
+    elevation_flags: 0,
+  }));
+}
+
+export function createTiles(width: number, height: number): Tile[] {
+  const tiles: Tile[] = [];
+  for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      const i = y * width + x;
+      tiles.push({
+        id: i,
+        name: `Tile ${i}`,
+        transform: {
+          id: i,
+          name: `Tile ${i}`,
+          position: { x, y },
+          size: { left: 16, top: 16, right: 16, bottom: 16 },
+        },
+        kind: "Tile" as const,
+        group: 0,
+        tile_id: i % 16,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return tiles;
+}
+
+// Each megatile = 3072 bytes (32*32*3 RGB)
+export function createTilesetData(megatileCount: number): Uint8Array {
+  const data = new Uint8Array(megatileCount * 3072);
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+    data[i] = (i * 7 + 13) & 0xff;
+  }
+  return data;
+}
+
+export function createTerrain(width: number, height: number): RawTerrain {
+  return { size: { width, height }, tileset: "Badlands" };
+}
diff --git a/frontend/benchmarks/viewport.bench.ts b/frontend/benchmarks/viewport.bench.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a83d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/benchmarks/viewport.bench.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { bench, describe } from "vitest";
+import { Canvas2DBenchmark } from "./adapter";
+import { terrain, tileGroup, tilesetData, tiles } from "./fixtures/terrain";
+import type { Viewport } from "@/types/viewport";
+import { location } from "./fixtures/location";
+
+// -- Test fixtures ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -- Benchmarks ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const viewport: Viewport = {
+  startX: 0,
+  startY: 0,
+  tileWidth: 40,
+  tileHeight: 30,
+};
+
+describe("Canvas2D Renderer", () => {
+  const renderer = new Canvas2DBenchmark();
+
+  bench("updateTerrain 64x64", () => {
+    renderer.updateTerrain(terrain.small, tiles.small, tileGroup, tilesetData);
+  });
+
+  bench("updateLocations 50", () => {
+    renderer.updateLocations(terrain.small, location);
+  });
+
+  bench("compose 64x64", () => {
+    renderer.updateTerrain(terrain.verySmall, tiles.verySmall, tileGroup, tilesetData);
+    renderer.updateLocations(terrain.verySmall, location);
+    renderer.compose(terrain.verySmall);
+  });
+
+  bench("compose 256x256", () => {
+    renderer.updateTerrain(terrain.large, tiles.large, tileGroup, tilesetData);
+    renderer.compose(terrain.large);
+  });
+
+  bench("paint viewport 40x30", () => {
+    renderer.updateTerrain(terrain.small, tiles.small, tileGroup, tilesetData);
+    renderer.compose(terrain.small);
+    renderer.paint(viewport);
+  });
+
+  bench("paint viewport offset", () => {
+    renderer.updateTerrain(terrain.small, tiles.small, tileGroup, tilesetData);
+    renderer.compose(terrain.small);
+    renderer.paint({ startX: 20, startY: 20, tileWidth: 40, tileHeight: 30 });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index 22def6f..6a3926f 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint",
     "storybook": "storybook dev -p 6006",
-    "build-storybook": "storybook build"
+    "build-storybook": "storybook build",
+    "bench": "vitest bench --config vitest.bench.config.ts --run"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@dnd-kit/core": "^6.3.1",
diff --git a/frontend/vitest.bench.config.ts b/frontend/vitest.bench.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1791123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/vitest.bench.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { defineConfig } from "vitest/config";
+import tsconfigPaths from "vite-tsconfig-paths";
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  plugins: [tsconfigPaths()],
+  test: {
+    include: ["benchmarks/**/*.bench.ts"],
+    browser: {
+      enabled: true,
+      headless: true,
+      provider: "playwright",
+      instances: [{ browser: "chromium" }],
+    },
+  },
+});