When a ScheduledJob is re-scheduled with a new duedate (https://github.com/netlogix/Netlogix.JobQueue.Scheduled/blob/master/Classes/Domain/Retry.php#L104C3-L104C24), the new duedate (which is further in the future) is not persisted to the database, because of the duedate = IF(:duedate < duedate, :duedate, duedate) in the UPSERT (https://github.com/netlogix/Netlogix.JobQueue.Scheduled/blob/master/Classes/Domain/Scheduler.php#L140C24-L140C75).
This means that the newly inserted ScheduledJob keeps the old duedate, so no backoff is used and the job is immediately retried.