Interview-Collection/InOrderSuccessorInBST.h at master · bluepp/Interview-Collection · GitHub

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/*
  bluepp
  2014-12-18
  May the force be with me!

  http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t/JobHunting/32850713.html

  http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/inorder-successor-in-binary-search-tree/
In Binary Tree, Inorder successor of a node is the next node in Inorder
traversal of the Binary Tree. Inorder Successor is NULL for the last node
in Inoorder traversal.
InBinary Search Tree, Inorder Successor of an input node can also be defined
as the node with the smallest key greater than the key of input node.
So, it is sometimes important to find next node in sorted order.

*/

/*
Method 1 (Uses Parent Pointer)
In this method, we assume that every node has parent pointer.

The Algorithm is divided into two cases on the basis of right subtree of the input node being empty or not.

Input: node, root // node is the node whose Inorder successor is needed.
output: succ // succ is Inorder successor of node.

1) If right subtree of node is not NULL, then succ lies in right subtree. Do following.
Go to right subtree and return the node with minimum key value in right subtree.
2) If right sbtree of node is NULL, then succ is one of the ancestors. Do following.
Travel up using the parent pointer until you see a node which is left child of it’s parent.
The parent of such a node is the succ.
*/

/*
2)
1) If right subtree of node is not NULL, then succ lies in right subtree. Do following.
Go to right subtree and return the node with minimum key value in right subtree.
2) If right sbtree of node is NULL, then start from root and us search like technique. Do following.
Travel down the tree, if a node’s data is greater than root’s data then go right side, otherwise go to left side.
*/
struct node * inOrderSuccessor(struct node *root, struct node *n)
{
    // step 1 of the above algorithm
    if( n->right != NULL )
        return minValue(n->right);

    struct node *succ = NULL;

    // Start from root and search for successor down the tree
    while (root != NULL)
    {
        if (n->data < root->data)
        {
            succ = root;
            root = root->left;
        }
        else if (n->data > root->data)
            root = root->right;
        else
           break;
    }

    return succ;
}


/* extension, precessor */
/*
http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/inorder-predecessor-successor-given-key-bst/

input: root node, key
output: predecessor node, successor node

1. If root is NULL
      then return
2. if key is found then
    a. If its left subtree is not null
        Then predecessor will be the right most
        child of left subtree or left child itself.
    b. If its right subtree is not null
        The successor will be the left most child
        of right subtree or right child itself.
    return
3. If key is smaller then root node
        set the successor as root
        search recursively into left subtree
    else
        set the predecessor as root
        search recursively into right subtree
*/

// C++ program to find predecessor and successor in a BST
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// BST Node
struct Node
{
    int key;
    struct Node *left, *right;
};

// This function finds predecessor and successor of key in BST.
// It sets pre and suc as predecessor and successor respectively
void findPreSuc(Node* root, Node*& pre, Node*& suc, int key)
{
    // Base case
    if (root == NULL)  return ;

    // If key is present at root
    if (root->key == key)
    {
        // the maximum value in left subtree is predecessor
        if (root->left != NULL)
        {
            Node* tmp = root->left;
            while (tmp->right)
                tmp = tmp->right;
            pre = tmp ;
        }

        // the minimum value in right subtree is successor
        if (root->right != NULL)
        {
            Node* tmp = root->right ;
            while (tmp->left)
                tmp = tmp->left ;
            suc = tmp ;
        }
        return ;
    }

    // If key is smaller than root's key, go to left subtree
    if (root->key > key)
    {
        suc = root ;
        findPreSuc(root->left, pre, suc, key) ;
    }
    else // go to right subtree
    {
        pre = root ;
        findPreSuc(root->right, pre, suc, key) ;
    }
}