Support pipelining via `-Zno-codegen`

[scentini]

The current mechanism of having 2 identical rustc invocations with the process wrapper killing one after the .rmeta file is created is quite complex and with subtle bugs. Using -Zno-codegen instead should allow us to remove a lot logic in the process wrapper.
The downside of using -Zno-codegen is that this pipelining won't work for users that disallow unstable features. For a bit we'll support both the current solution and -Zno-codegen, and we'll gate the change behind an incompatible flag. In the long term however, we will remove the existing implementation, and the way forward for using pipelining while not allowing unstable features would be to help stabilize -Zno-codegen upstream.

[scentini]

There is a PR (#3870) doing most of the work needed.