diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 78af56e..f957415 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ group :development, :test do
 end
 gem "avo", ">= 3.2"
 
+gem "csv", "~> 3.3"
+
 gem "devise", "~> 4.9"
 
 gem "importmap-rails", "~> 2.1"
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@ gem "dotenv", groups: [ :development, :test ]
 
 gem "feedjira", "~> 3.2"
 
+gem "fugit", "~> 1.11"
+
 gem "http", "~> 5.3"
 
 gem "iconv", "~> 1.1"
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index a62221f..2b3c7d4 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ GEM
     concurrent-ruby (1.3.5)
     connection_pool (2.5.3)
     crass (1.0.6)
+    csv (3.3.5)
     date (3.4.1)
     debug (1.11.0)
       irb (~> 1.10)
@@ -428,10 +429,12 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   bootsnap
   brakeman
   commonmarker (~> 2.3)
+  csv (~> 3.3)
   debug
   devise (~> 4.9)
   dotenv
   feedjira (~> 3.2)
+  fugit (~> 1.11)
   good_job (~> 4.11)
   http (~> 5.3)
   iconv (~> 1.1)
diff --git a/app/avo/resources/statcan_dataset.rb b/app/avo/resources/statcan_dataset.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c25498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/avo/resources/statcan_dataset.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+class Avo::Resources::StatcanDataset < Avo::BaseResource
+  # self.includes = []
+  # self.attachments = []
+  # self.search = {
+  #   query: -> { query.ransack(id_eq: params[:q], m: "or").result(distinct: false) }
+  # }
+
+  def fields
+    field :id, as: :id
+    field :statcan_url, as: :text
+    field :name, as: :text
+    field :sync_schedule, as: :text
+    field :current_data, as: :code
+    field :last_synced_at, as: :date_time
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/controllers/avo/statcan_datasets_controller.rb b/app/controllers/avo/statcan_datasets_controller.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b0b7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/controllers/avo/statcan_datasets_controller.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# This controller has been generated to enable Rails' resource routes.
+# More information on https://docs.avohq.io/3.0/controllers.html
+class Avo::StatcanDatasetsController < Avo::ResourcesController
+end
diff --git a/app/controllers/statcan_datasets_controller.rb b/app/controllers/statcan_datasets_controller.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..429c6dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/controllers/statcan_datasets_controller.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class StatcanDatasetsController < ApplicationController
+  def show
+    dataset = StatcanDataset.find(params[:id])
+    render json: dataset
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/jobs/statcan_cron_job.rb b/app/jobs/statcan_cron_job.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48bfdc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/jobs/statcan_cron_job.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class StatcanCronJob < ApplicationJob
+  queue_as :default
+
+  def perform(current_time = Time.current)
+    datasets = StatcanDataset.select(:id, :sync_schedule, :last_synced_at)
+    stale_datasets = StatcanDataset.filter_stale(datasets, current_time)
+    stale_datasets.each(&StatcanSyncJob.method(:perform_later))
+
+    Rails.logger.info "Enqueued #{stale_datasets.count} Statcan sync jobs"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/jobs/statcan_sync_job.rb b/app/jobs/statcan_sync_job.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fe719b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/jobs/statcan_sync_job.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class StatcanSyncJob < ApplicationJob
+  queue_as :default
+
+  def perform(statcan_dataset)
+    statcan_dataset.sync!
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/models/statcan_dataset.rb b/app/models/statcan_dataset.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c095152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/statcan_dataset.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class StatcanDataset < ApplicationRecord
+  validates :statcan_url, presence: true, uniqueness: true, format: { with: URI::DEFAULT_PARSER.make_regexp }
+  validates :name, presence: true, uniqueness: true, format: { with: /\A[a-z0-9-]+\z/, message: "must be lowercase with hyphens only" }
+  validates :sync_schedule, presence: true
+  validate :valid_cron_expression
+
+  def self.filter_stale(datasets, current_time = Time.current)
+    datasets.select { |dataset| dataset.needs_sync?(current_time) }
+  end
+
+  def needs_sync?(current_time = Time.current)
+    return true if last_synced_at.nil?
+
+    cron = Fugit::Cron.parse(sync_schedule)
+    last_scheduled_time = cron.previous_time(current_time)
+
+    last_synced_at.to_i < last_scheduled_time.seconds
+  end
+
+  def sync!
+    data = StatcanFetcher.fetch(statcan_url)
+    update!(current_data: data, last_synced_at: Time.current)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def valid_cron_expression
+    return unless sync_schedule.present?
+
+    parsed_cron = Fugit::Cron.parse(sync_schedule)
+    if parsed_cron.nil?
+      errors.add(:sync_schedule, "must be a valid cron expression")
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/services/statcan_fetcher.rb b/app/services/statcan_fetcher.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ab47e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/services/statcan_fetcher.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require "csv"
+
+class StatcanFetcher
+  def self.fetch(url)
+    response = HTTP
+      .timeout(connect: 10, read: 60)
+      .headers("User-Agent" => "BuildCanada/OutcomeTrackerAPI")
+      .get(url)
+
+    unless response.status.success?
+      raise "HTTP Error: #{response.status} - #{response.status.reason}"
+    end
+
+    csv_string = response.body.to_s
+
+    # Remove UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM) if present
+    csv_string = csv_string.sub(/\A\uFEFF/, "")
+
+    CSV.parse(csv_string, headers: true, liberal_parsing: true, skip_blanks: true).map(&:to_h)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/config/environments/test.rb b/config/environments/test.rb
index 30cc5cd..5f4c96a 100644
--- a/config/environments/test.rb
+++ b/config/environments/test.rb
@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@
   config.action_controller.raise_on_missing_callback_actions = true
 
   # Use inline adapter for Active Job in tests for faster execution
-  config.active_job.queue_adapter = :inline
+  config.active_job.queue_adapter = :test
 end
diff --git a/config/initializers/good_job.rb b/config/initializers/good_job.rb
index 322bed7..01cee83 100644
--- a/config/initializers/good_job.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/good_job.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
       class: "FeedRefresherJob", # name of the job class as a String; must reference an Active Job job class
       description: "Refreshed feeds and creates new entries", # optional description that appears in Dashboard,
       enabled_by_default: -> { Rails.env.production? } # Only enable in production, otherwise can be enabled manually through Dashboard
+    },
+    statcan_sync: {
+      cron: "0 * * * *", # Every hour
+      class: "StatcanCronJob"
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/config/routes.rb b/config/routes.rb
index 0d5c6be..9c2b7c1 100644
--- a/config/routes.rb
+++ b/config/routes.rb
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
   resources :promises, only: [ :index, :show ]
   resources :evidences, only: [ :index, :show ]
   resources :builders, only: [ :index, :show ]
+  resources :statcan_datasets, only: [ :show ]
 
   namespace :admin do
     resources :promises, only: [ :index, :show, :update, :destroy ]
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250707155320_create_statcan_datasets.rb b/db/migrate/20250707155320_create_statcan_datasets.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..388b7ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20250707155320_create_statcan_datasets.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+class CreateStatcanDatasets < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  def change
+    create_table :statcan_datasets do |t|
+      t.text :statcan_url, null: false
+      t.string :name, null: false
+      t.string :sync_schedule, null: false
+      t.jsonb :current_data
+      t.timestamp :last_synced_at
+
+      t.timestamps
+    end
+
+    add_index :statcan_datasets, :statcan_url, unique: true
+    add_index :statcan_datasets, :name, unique: true
+    add_index :statcan_datasets, :last_synced_at
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index 89b6810..0fa7e64 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_06_30_162816) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_07_07_155320) do
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "pg_catalog.plpgsql"
 
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@
     t.string "language"
     t.string "url"
     t.jsonb "raw"
+    t.string "source_url"
     t.bigint "government_id", null: false
     t.datetime "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
@@ -365,6 +366,19 @@
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
   end
 
+  create_table "statcan_datasets", force: :cascade do |t|
+    t.text "statcan_url", null: false
+    t.string "name", null: false
+    t.string "sync_schedule", null: false
+    t.jsonb "current_data"
+    t.datetime "last_synced_at", precision: nil
+    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
+    t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
+    t.index ["last_synced_at"], name: "index_statcan_datasets_on_last_synced_at"
+    t.index ["name"], name: "index_statcan_datasets_on_name", unique: true
+    t.index ["statcan_url"], name: "index_statcan_datasets_on_statcan_url", unique: true
+  end
+
   create_table "tool_calls", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.bigint "message_id", null: false
     t.string "tool_call_id"
diff --git a/db/seeds/canada.rb b/db/seeds/canada.rb
index 722e6f9..697e832 100644
--- a/db/seeds/canada.rb
+++ b/db/seeds/canada.rb
@@ -637,4 +637,6 @@
 
 puts "Seeding Evidences..."
 
+require_relative 'statcan_datasets'
+
 puts "Done seeding"
diff --git a/db/seeds/statcan_datasets.rb b/db/seeds/statcan_datasets.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4d1f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/seeds/statcan_datasets.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+puts "Seeding StatcanDatasets..."
+
+statcan_datasets = [
+  {
+    name: "balance-sheets",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData-nonTraduit.action?pid=1010001501&latestN=0&startDate=19901001&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B1%5D%2C%5B2%5D%2C%5B%5D%5D&checkedLevels=2D1%2C2D2%2C2D3",
+    sync_schedule: "23 6 * * *" # Daily at 6:23 AM
+  },
+  {
+    name: "demographic-incomes-non-permanent-residents",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData-nonTraduit.action?pid=1110009101&latestN=2&startDate=&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B1%5D%2C%5B%5D%2C%5B%5D%2C%5B%5D%2C%5B5%5D%5D&checkedLevels=1D1%2C1D2%2C1D3%2C2D1%2C3D1",
+    sync_schedule: "23 8 * * *" # Daily at 8:23 AM
+  },
+  {
+    name: "gdp",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData-nonTraduit.action?pid=3610010401&latestN=0&startDate=19610101&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B1%5D%2C%5B1%5D%2C%5B1%5D%2C%5B%5D%5D&checkedLevels=3D1%2C3D2%2C3D3%2C3D4",
+    sync_schedule: "23 6 * * *" # Daily at 6:23 AM
+  },
+  {
+    name: "housing-starts",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData.action?pid=3410015101&latestN=0&startDate=19880101&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B%5D%2C%5B1%5D%2C%5B%5D%5D&checkedLevels=0D1%2C2D1%2C2D2",
+    sync_schedule: "23 6 * * *" # Daily at 6:23 AM
+  },
+  {
+    name: "labour-productivity",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData-nonTraduit.action?pid=3610020701&latestN=0&startDate=19801001&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B1%5D%2C%5B5%5D%2C%5B1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C7%2C8%2C9%2C10%2C11%2C13%2C14%2C15%2C16%2C17%2C18%2C19%2C20%2C21%5D%5D&checkedLevels=",
+    sync_schedule: "23 9 * * *" # Daily at 9:23 AM
+  },
+  {
+    name: "non-permanent-residents",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData.action?pid=1710012101&latestN=0&startDate=20210101&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B%5D%2C%5B%5D%5D&checkedLevels=0D1%2C1D1%2C1D2%2C1D3",
+    sync_schedule: "23 7 * * *" # Daily at 7:23 AM
+  },
+  {
+    name: "population",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData-nonTraduit.action?pid=1710000901&latestN=0&startDate=19000101&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C7%2C8%2C9%2C10%2C11%2C12%2C14%2C15%5D%5D&checkedLevels=",
+    sync_schedule: "23 6 * * *" # Daily at 6:23 AM
+  },
+  {
+    name: "primary-energy-production",
+    statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/dtl!downloadDbLoadingData-nonTraduit.action?pid=2510007901&latestN=5&startDate=&endDate=&csvLocale=en&selectedMembers=%5B%5B%5D%2C%5B%5D%2C%5B%5D%5D&checkedLevels=0D1%2C1D1%2C1D2%2C1D3%2C2D1",
+    sync_schedule: "23 10 * * *" # Daily at 10:23 AM
+  }
+]
+
+statcan_datasets.each do |dataset_attrs|
+  dataset = StatcanDataset.find_or_create_by(name: dataset_attrs[:name]) do |d|
+    d.statcan_url = dataset_attrs[:statcan_url]
+    d.sync_schedule = dataset_attrs[:sync_schedule]
+  end
+
+  if dataset.persisted?
+    if dataset.previously_new_record?
+      puts "✓ #{dataset.name} - created"
+    else
+      puts "✓ #{dataset.name} - already exists"
+    end
+  else
+    puts "✗ #{dataset.name} - failed to create: #{dataset.errors.full_messages.join(', ')}"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/controllers/statcan_datasets_controller_test.rb b/test/controllers/statcan_datasets_controller_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5eff3f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/controllers/statcan_datasets_controller_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require "test_helper"
+
+class StatcanDatasetsControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
+  test "should show dataset" do
+    dataset = statcan_datasets(:synced)
+
+    get statcan_dataset_url(dataset)
+
+    assert_response :success
+    assert_equal "application/json; charset=utf-8", response.content_type
+
+    json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+    assert_equal dataset.id, json_response["id"]
+    assert_equal dataset.name, json_response["name"]
+  end
+
+  test "should return 404 for non-existent dataset" do
+    get statcan_dataset_url(id: 99999)
+
+    assert_response :not_found
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/fixtures/statcan_datasets.yml b/test/fixtures/statcan_datasets.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52c2644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/statcan_datasets.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+unsynced:
+  statcan_url: "https://statcan.gc.ca/123.csv"
+  name: "test-dataset-unsynced"
+  sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *"
+  current_data: null
+  last_synced_at: null
+
+synced:
+  statcan_url: "https://statcan.gc.ca/456.csv"
+  name: "test-dataset-synced"
+  sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *"
+  current_data: 
+    - year: 2020
+      population: 38000000
+  last_synced_at: "2024-01-15 10:30:00"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/jobs/statcan_cron_job_test.rb b/test/jobs/statcan_cron_job_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23d06d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/jobs/statcan_cron_job_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+require "test_helper"
+
+class StatcanCronJobTest < ActiveJob::TestCase
+  def setup
+    # Remove fixture data before each test
+    StatcanDataset.delete_all
+  end
+
+  test "should enqueue sync jobs for stale datasets only" do
+    current_time = Time.parse("2025-01-02 14:00:00")  # 2pm
+
+    # Create a stale dataset (never synced)
+    stale_dataset1 = StatcanDataset.create!(
+      name: "stale-never-synced",
+      statcan_url: "https://statcan.gc.ca/stale1.csv",
+      sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *",
+      last_synced_at: nil
+    )
+
+    # Create another stale dataset (old sync)
+    stale_dataset2 = StatcanDataset.create!(
+      name: "stale-old-sync",
+      statcan_url: "https://statcan.gc.ca/stale2.csv",
+      sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *",
+      last_synced_at: Time.parse("2025-01-01 23:00:00")  # Yesterday 11pm
+    )
+
+    # Create a fresh dataset (recent sync)
+    _fresh_dataset = StatcanDataset.create!(
+      name: "fresh-dataset",
+      statcan_url: "https://statcan.gc.ca/fresh.csv",
+      sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *",
+      last_synced_at: Time.parse("2025-01-02 01:00:00")  # 1am today
+    )
+
+    # Track enqueued jobs
+    assert_enqueued_jobs 2, only: StatcanSyncJob do
+      StatcanCronJob.perform_now(current_time)
+    end
+
+    # Verify the correct jobs were enqueued
+    assert_enqueued_with(job: StatcanSyncJob, args: [ stale_dataset1 ])
+    assert_enqueued_with(job: StatcanSyncJob, args: [ stale_dataset2 ])
+  end
+
+  test "should not enqueue jobs when no datasets need syncing" do
+    current_time = Time.parse("2025-01-02 14:00:00")
+
+    # Create only fresh datasets
+    StatcanDataset.create!(
+      name: "fresh-dataset-1",
+      statcan_url: "https://statcan.gc.ca/fresh1.csv",
+      sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *",
+      last_synced_at: Time.parse("2025-01-02 01:00:00")  # 1am today
+    )
+
+    # Should not enqueue any jobs
+    assert_enqueued_jobs 0, only: StatcanSyncJob do
+      StatcanCronJob.perform_now(current_time)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/models/statcan_dataset_test.rb b/test/models/statcan_dataset_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f278f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/models/statcan_dataset_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+require "test_helper"
+
+class StatcanDatasetTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  def self.valid_attributes
+    {
+      statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410028701",
+      name: "demographic-incomes",
+      sync_schedule: "0 6 * * *"
+    }
+  end
+
+
+  test "valid dataset" do
+    dataset = StatcanDataset.new(self.class.valid_attributes)
+
+    assert dataset.valid?
+  end
+
+  test "requires statcan_url" do
+    attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.except(:statcan_url)
+    dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+
+    assert_not dataset.valid?
+    assert_includes dataset.errors[:statcan_url], "can't be blank"
+  end
+
+  test "requires name" do
+    attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.except(:name)
+    dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+
+    assert_not dataset.valid?
+    assert_includes dataset.errors[:name], "can't be blank"
+  end
+
+  test "requires sync_schedule" do
+    attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.except(:sync_schedule)
+    dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+
+    assert_not dataset.valid?
+    assert_includes dataset.errors[:sync_schedule], "can't be blank"
+  end
+
+  test "statcan_url must be unique" do
+    url = "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410028701"
+
+    StatcanDataset.create!(
+      statcan_url: url,
+      name: "first-dataset",
+      sync_schedule: "0 6 * * *"
+    )
+
+    duplicate = StatcanDataset.new(
+      statcan_url: url,
+      name: "second-dataset",
+      sync_schedule: "0 12 * * *"
+    )
+
+    assert_not duplicate.valid?
+    assert_includes duplicate.errors[:statcan_url], "has already been taken"
+  end
+
+  test "name must be unique" do
+    name = "demographic-incomes"
+
+    StatcanDataset.create!(
+      statcan_url: "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410028701",
+      name: name,
+      sync_schedule: "0 6 * * *"
+    )
+
+    duplicate = StatcanDataset.new(
+      statcan_url: "https://different-url.statcan.gc.ca/data",
+      name: name,
+      sync_schedule: "0 12 * * *"
+    )
+
+    assert_not duplicate.valid?
+    assert_includes duplicate.errors[:name], "has already been taken"
+  end
+
+  test "name must be kebab-case" do
+    attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(name: "InvalidName")
+    dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+
+    assert_not dataset.valid?
+    assert_includes dataset.errors[:name], "must be lowercase with hyphens only"
+  end
+
+  test "sync_schedule accepts valid cron expressions" do
+    valid_schedules = [ "0 6 * * *", "30 14 1 * *", "0 * * * 0", "15 9 * * 1-5" ]
+
+    valid_schedules.each do |schedule|
+      attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(sync_schedule: schedule, name: "test-dataset-#{schedule.hash}")
+      dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+
+      assert dataset.valid?, "#{schedule} should be valid"
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "sync_schedule rejects invalid cron expressions" do
+    invalid_schedules = [ "invalid", "60 25 32 13 8", "not a cron" ]
+
+    invalid_schedules.each do |schedule|
+      attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(name: "test-dataset-#{schedule.hash}", sync_schedule: schedule)
+      dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+
+      assert_not dataset.valid?, "#{schedule} should be invalid"
+      assert_includes dataset.errors[:sync_schedule], "must be a valid cron expression"
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "needs_sync returns true when last_synced_at is nil" do
+   attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(last_synced_at: nil)
+   dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+   current_time = Time.parse("2025-01-02 14:00:00")
+
+   assert dataset.needs_sync?(current_time)
+  end
+
+  test "needs_sync returns true when last sync was before last scheduled time" do
+   attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *", last_synced_at: Time.parse("2025-01-01 23:00:00"))
+   dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+   current_time = Time.parse("2025-01-02 14:00:00")  # 2pm next day
+
+   assert dataset.needs_sync?(current_time)
+  end
+
+  test "needs_sync returns false when last sync was after last scheduled time" do
+    attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *", last_synced_at: Time.parse("2025-01-02 01:00:00"))
+    dataset = StatcanDataset.new(attributes)
+    current_time = Time.parse("2025-01-02 14:00:00")  # 2pm same day
+
+    assert_not dataset.needs_sync?(current_time)
+  end
+
+  test "filter_stale returns datasets that need syncing" do
+   stale_attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(last_synced_at: nil)
+   stale_dataset = StatcanDataset.new(stale_attributes)
+
+   fresh_attributes = self.class.valid_attributes.merge(sync_schedule: "0 0 * * *", last_synced_at: Time.parse("2025-01-02 01:00:00"))
+   fresh_dataset = StatcanDataset.new(fresh_attributes)
+
+   current_time = Time.parse("2025-01-02 14:00:00")  # 2pm same day
+   all_datasets = [ stale_dataset, fresh_dataset ]
+   stale_datasets = StatcanDataset.filter_stale(all_datasets, current_time)
+
+   assert_includes stale_datasets, stale_dataset
+   assert_not_includes stale_datasets, fresh_dataset
+   assert_equal 1, stale_datasets.length
+ end
+
+  test "filter_stale works with empty collection" do
+    stale_datasets = StatcanDataset.filter_stale([])
+    assert_empty stale_datasets
+  end
+
+  test "sync! should update dataset with fetched data" do
+    dataset = statcan_datasets(:unsynced)
+    parsed_data = [ { "population" => 1000000, "year" => 2023 } ]
+
+    StatcanFetcher.stub :fetch, parsed_data do
+      dataset.sync!
+    end
+
+    dataset.reload
+    assert_equal parsed_data, dataset.current_data
+    assert_not_nil dataset.last_synced_at
+  end
+
+  test "sync! should not update dataset when fetch times out" do
+    dataset = statcan_datasets(:unsynced)
+
+    StatcanFetcher.stub :fetch, ->(url) { raise HTTP::TimeoutError.new("Request timed out") } do
+      assert_raises HTTP::TimeoutError do
+        dataset.sync!
+      end
+    end
+
+    dataset.reload
+    assert_nil dataset.current_data
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/test_helper.rb b/test/test_helper.rb
index 0c22470..332896f 100644
--- a/test/test_helper.rb
+++ b/test/test_helper.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= "test"
 require_relative "../config/environment"
 require "rails/test_help"
+require "minitest/mock"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class TestCase